Although a complex space charge or ball of fire forming on an anode has an interior of positive ions and an exterior of electrons (forming a double layer) a true "free floating fireball" is physically disconnected from any electrode. Andrea Rossi seems to be producing a true "free floating fireball" where SAFIRE is producing the same basic structure but wrapped around an anode. In the above video, since the fire ball is actually in contact with the anode, it's not technically free floating even though it still has the same basic structure. I would like to list a few nuggets of information that I've came across.
1) There is a sharp voltage gradient at the innermost double layer or membrane. Monty Childs said that in some cases this gradient can be up to 1000 volts.
2) The electrical resistance at this membrane drops so low it cannot be measured. This might be a sign of a coherent state or superconductivity.
3) The membrane is the densest portion of the plasma. This is due to the containment field produced by the structure. Unlike hot fusion reactors, there is no need for external magnetic fields.
4) The transmutations and excess heat seem to happen when the large broad double layers collapse down to very close to the surface of the anode and produce a single membrane with a sharp voltage drop. This happens suddenly when the current is increased above a certain level.
5) These self organizing plasmas all produce ion acoustic waves that can be picked up on an oscilloscope. Even if you did not have a port or a camera, you could see what was happening in real time. I'm very curious about how the wave forms change during the stage where there are many double layers and when they collapse down to the singular membrane.
6) A ball of fire acts as a resonant cavity that can feed off MW or RF energy. There have been experiments in which a ball of fire was created with an electrical discharge and then the electricity is turned off and a RF or MW source is turned on that sustains the plasma ball. I think this is a further indication that there is something truly special about the membrane.
7) What Bob Greenyer says about the ball of fire being able to self sustain as long as there is an adequate source of electrons is absolutely correct. There are many adjustments that could be made to a system to try and optimize how many electrons are available to feed the plasma after the input power is cut off. This is how I think Rossi can create a ball of fire in his system, turn down the input power, and allow it to self sustain.
8) There could very well be a lot of energy wasted in the form of SR and ultra low momentum neutrinos. One idea I have for how to keep the fire ball self sustaining is to use a material with a high thermal neutron cross section and a low work function for the cathode(s). So when SR or ULMN is being emitted by the plasma ball, it could heat up the cathode and induce thermionic emission of electrons.
9) If you listen to Monty Child's interview on The Electric View on YouTube, you will hear him talk about one gas that was not supposed to be very reactive but WAS very reactive and another gas that should have been very reactive but was not. I'm pretty sure the gas that turned out to be very reactive was NITROGEN and the gas that turned out not to be very reactive was oxygen.
10) I would love to find out if a laser pointed at the ball of fire might be deflected if there is a repulsive gravitational field being produced.
This gives you EXTREMELY energetic atomic Aluminium and protons, the energy will ionise more gas locally and the free electrons and protons will strengthen the EVOs stuck to the steel anode. Rinse + repeat.
10) O will prevent the catalytic production of atomic hydrogen by Ni on the Anode in SAFIRE
4) My guess is that they have one double layer when the combination of current, geometry, and gas pressure has already put them into the regime in which SAFIRE is producing excess heat and transmutations. It may be possible to increase the current further but if SAFIRE's lectures and videos are correct, the result would be a more fuzzy looking ball of fire and then a sudden transition to an arc discharge and an end to the self organized structures.
5) The one thing I would be concerned about is making sure the back spikes from a system like this does not destroy an oscilloscope. Good oscilloscopes are not cheap.
6) Is there any chance that Henk has a frequency generator and an antenna he could place in the reactor to demonstrate RF feeding the plasma? (This should not be high on the priority list in my opinion.)
8) I wonder if there are any alloys of copper that have significant quantities of Boron?
9) Very interesting. If that reaction can be confirmed to take place, then our atmosphere provides an abundant fuel source.
10) Would O prevent the production of atomic hydrogen in a free floating fireball?
I am looking at Ammonia gas, this contains H and N and should be perfect. I am looking at ways this could be produced as needed chemically instead of having a large tank of it on hand which is dangerous, proper venting from the chamber outdoors will be needed as well. Is it your opinion that the Cr in the foil used helps or hinders the reactions? Would pure Nickel work better as it's magnetic or worse for these reactions and plasmoid formation?
I am thinking that if Helium is produced, shouldn’t it cause a rise in the pressure of the chamber? I mean, suddenly an amount of solid matter transmuted to a gaseous element, due to gas properties, should have an impact in the chamber pressure, it is sealed and kept under constant vaccum pumping?
There are two problems here. The chamber is large, so the relative pressure change may be small, also you are swapping the molecular volume of Hydrogen with the atomic volume of Helium, so the change would be even smaller.
If we can replicate the experiment with a fibre optic spectrometer (I have identified one for around $600) then that should work. Alternatively, if we can replicate the whole experiment in US, we have detailed pressure, power, thermal, thermal imaging and in-process gas mass analyser there. We can sync all the data.
What HENK is doing in such a wonderful REAL SCIENCE way, is identifying potentially low hanging fruit that can be investigated further.
This is a good remark. That is what I am thinking about all the time. The problem I have is the lack of serious measuring equipment, so I can not tell in this particular case if I had extra gas. In other testruns, that lasted for days, I had to switch on the vacumm pump regulary. In those cases It became obvious for me I was producing gas. What I find very complexing is that everytime it's different. So many things change and it still is not simple to reproduce all these different events. That will only be possible in a serious scientific environment with good recording equipment. (with creative experimentalists). In the combination of many and many 'things' and parameters wil be many answers....
Please don’t take any of my questions as criticism, I am often prone to “think aloud” and in this case I was just thinking in terms of phase change. I know that all things experimental are complex and every instrument one uses is as part of the experiment a new potential source of change and interference, a pressure gauge is in an on itself a potential leak. I assumed you might had some instrument to measure pressure already in place. My thought was that if any number of solid Ni-Cr atoms had been transmuted into Helium, they should expand and perhaps induce a detectable change in the pressure, as happens in closed water chamber electrolysis experiments when H and O are produced. It’s the same numbers of atoms but I gaseous state they rise the pressure inside an hermetic chamber.
Anyway, now seeing that the entire Ni-Cr ribbon disappeared, you could also use weight difference to estimate how much of it turned into gas, I see the entire tip got affected, perhaps also part of the support also dissapeared, if no other residue is found in the chamber, one can conclude that the anomaly is undeniable.
I do not see it as criticism, I like your questions, please don't hold back.
I did measure presure, but it is not working with the intrument I've got. the real ones are too expensive. I need to measure with the accuracy of at least 0.1 millibar. In the range of 1 to 100 millibar. I have found out that the plasma is very sensitive to very small presure changes. I 'measure' it now visually, I look how far the electrons are spreading out over the cathode, the inside of the tank. The lower the pressure, the 'higher' it gets up on 'the wall', It has the feeling of 'climbing' op the wall when I pump. When I put gas in the tank the electrons are 'decending' from the wall. When I get too low, (too much gas) the plasma starts arcing. When the plasma produces gas, I can see it while the electrons have 'decended on the wall', then I pump a bit and come back later. This works fine for me and it is very accurate.
We have looked at this solution before, it is good for static controllable sources but not so good for the fast-changing dynamic sources such as those in the VEGA or NOVA apparatus.
Please note, the experimentalist HENK has gone into his notes and provided source and specifics for the metal tape used in the anode. It does not change the potential conclusion. Article is updated
"Yellow is perhaps the most energetic of the warm colors. It is associated with laughter, hope and sunshine. Accents of yellow help give your design energy and will make the viewer feel optimistic and cheerful. However, yellow tends to reflect more light and can irritate a person’s eyes. Too much yellow can be overwhelming and should be used sparingly. In design, it is often used to grab attention in an energetic and comforting way."
If we can replicate this experiment in MFMP volunteer Alan Goldwater's lab in US, we have a process gas mass spectrometer there and we can categorically prove the presence of Helium where there was none before and sync it to events in the chamber.
It looks very impressive, however with all the shine is hard to see detail, is Henk sure it Wasn’t it simply melting and producing a shorter / thicker end? Not skeptical, just going trough the checklist.
My 'gut-feeling' tells me I am always producing access energy, so something must be transmutating.... The big question is: "What is transmutating?"
I started with only a cast iron ball and this also worked. The 'frustrating' thing is I can get better efficiency, but not for long and not knowing yet what these conditions realy are. I have the 'feeling' my compact anodes with W are the best.
First of all, fantastic article!
Although a complex space charge or ball of fire forming on an anode has an interior of positive ions and an exterior of electrons (forming a double layer) a true "free floating fireball" is physically disconnected from any electrode. Andrea Rossi seems to be producing a true "free floating fireball" where SAFIRE is producing the same basic structure but wrapped around an anode. In the above video, since the fire ball is actually in contact with the anode, it's not technically free floating even though it still has the same basic structure. I would like to list a few nuggets of information that I've came across.
1) There is a sharp voltage gradient at the innermost double layer or membrane. Monty Childs said that in some cases this gradient can be up to 1000 volts.
2) The electrical resistance at this membrane drops so low it cannot be measured. This might be a sign of a coherent state or superconductivity.
3) The membrane is the densest portion of the plasma. This is due to the containment field produced by the structure. Unlike hot fusion reactors, there is no need for external magnetic fields.
4) The transmutations and excess heat seem to happen when the large broad double layers collapse down to very close to the surface of the anode and produce a single membrane with a sharp voltage drop. This happens suddenly when the current is increased above a certain level.
5) These self organizing plasmas all produce ion acoustic waves that can be picked up on an oscilloscope. Even if you did not have a port or a camera, you could see what was happening in real time. I'm very curious about how the wave forms change during the stage where there are many double layers and when they collapse down to the singular membrane.
6) A ball of fire acts as a resonant cavity that can feed off MW or RF energy. There have been experiments in which a ball of fire was created with an electrical discharge and then the electricity is turned off and a RF or MW source is turned on that sustains the plasma ball. I think this is a further indication that there is something truly special about the membrane.
7) What Bob Greenyer says about the ball of fire being able to self sustain as long as there is an adequate source of electrons is absolutely correct. There are many adjustments that could be made to a system to try and optimize how many electrons are available to feed the plasma after the input power is cut off. This is how I think Rossi can create a ball of fire in his system, turn down the input power, and allow it to self sustain.
8) There could very well be a lot of energy wasted in the form of SR and ultra low momentum neutrinos. One idea I have for how to keep the fire ball self sustaining is to use a material with a high thermal neutron cross section and a low work function for the cathode(s). So when SR or ULMN is being emitted by the plasma ball, it could heat up the cathode and induce thermionic emission of electrons.
9) If you listen to Monty Child's interview on The Electric View on YouTube, you will hear him talk about one gas that was not supposed to be very reactive but WAS very reactive and another gas that should have been very reactive but was not. I'm pretty sure the gas that turned out to be very reactive was NITROGEN and the gas that turned out not to be very reactive was oxygen.
10) I would love to find out if a laser pointed at the ball of fire might be deflected if there is a repulsive gravitational field being produced.
Thanks, and thanks for your comment
4) These active 'Balls of Fire' in VEGA appear to have 1 double layer.
5) Yes
6) Yes, Scalar also, any form of EVO or cluster thereof is TX/RX of scalar waves
8) Yes. Cold Neutrino condensates or String Vortex Solitons (Shishkin et. al.) or pseudo-neutrons will interact with neutron moderators.
9) 2 x 14N (78% of air incidentally) on surface of ferromagnetic steel structure + EVOs (coherent matter waves) > 1H + 27Al + 15.95MeV
http://www.nanosoft.co.nz/results/select_*_from_TwoToTwoAll_where_neutrinoeqnoneandlbE1inlbNrbandE2inlbNrbrbandnBorF1eqbandnBorF2eqbByMeVDesc.html
This gives you EXTREMELY energetic atomic Aluminium and protons, the energy will ionise more gas locally and the free electrons and protons will strengthen the EVOs stuck to the steel anode. Rinse + repeat.
10) O will prevent the catalytic production of atomic hydrogen by Ni on the Anode in SAFIRE
In response to your points.
4) My guess is that they have one double layer when the combination of current, geometry, and gas pressure has already put them into the regime in which SAFIRE is producing excess heat and transmutations. It may be possible to increase the current further but if SAFIRE's lectures and videos are correct, the result would be a more fuzzy looking ball of fire and then a sudden transition to an arc discharge and an end to the self organized structures.
5) The one thing I would be concerned about is making sure the back spikes from a system like this does not destroy an oscilloscope. Good oscilloscopes are not cheap.
6) Is there any chance that Henk has a frequency generator and an antenna he could place in the reactor to demonstrate RF feeding the plasma? (This should not be high on the priority list in my opinion.)
8) I wonder if there are any alloys of copper that have significant quantities of Boron?
9) Very interesting. If that reaction can be confirmed to take place, then our atmosphere provides an abundant fuel source.
10) Would O prevent the production of atomic hydrogen in a free floating fireball?
I will talk more about the uniqueness of O soon.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron_steel
copper Boron alloy
https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=10860
Bob;
I am looking at Ammonia gas, this contains H and N and should be perfect. I am looking at ways this could be produced as needed chemically instead of having a large tank of it on hand which is dangerous, proper venting from the chamber outdoors will be needed as well. Is it your opinion that the Cr in the foil used helps or hinders the reactions? Would pure Nickel work better as it's magnetic or worse for these reactions and plasmoid formation?
I am thinking that if Helium is produced, shouldn’t it cause a rise in the pressure of the chamber? I mean, suddenly an amount of solid matter transmuted to a gaseous element, due to gas properties, should have an impact in the chamber pressure, it is sealed and kept under constant vaccum pumping?
There are two problems here. The chamber is large, so the relative pressure change may be small, also you are swapping the molecular volume of Hydrogen with the atomic volume of Helium, so the change would be even smaller.
If we can replicate the experiment with a fibre optic spectrometer (I have identified one for around $600) then that should work. Alternatively, if we can replicate the whole experiment in US, we have detailed pressure, power, thermal, thermal imaging and in-process gas mass analyser there. We can sync all the data.
What HENK is doing in such a wonderful REAL SCIENCE way, is identifying potentially low hanging fruit that can be investigated further.
This is a good remark. That is what I am thinking about all the time. The problem I have is the lack of serious measuring equipment, so I can not tell in this particular case if I had extra gas. In other testruns, that lasted for days, I had to switch on the vacumm pump regulary. In those cases It became obvious for me I was producing gas. What I find very complexing is that everytime it's different. So many things change and it still is not simple to reproduce all these different events. That will only be possible in a serious scientific environment with good recording equipment. (with creative experimentalists). In the combination of many and many 'things' and parameters wil be many answers....
Please don’t take any of my questions as criticism, I am often prone to “think aloud” and in this case I was just thinking in terms of phase change. I know that all things experimental are complex and every instrument one uses is as part of the experiment a new potential source of change and interference, a pressure gauge is in an on itself a potential leak. I assumed you might had some instrument to measure pressure already in place. My thought was that if any number of solid Ni-Cr atoms had been transmuted into Helium, they should expand and perhaps induce a detectable change in the pressure, as happens in closed water chamber electrolysis experiments when H and O are produced. It’s the same numbers of atoms but I gaseous state they rise the pressure inside an hermetic chamber.
Anyway, now seeing that the entire Ni-Cr ribbon disappeared, you could also use weight difference to estimate how much of it turned into gas, I see the entire tip got affected, perhaps also part of the support also dissapeared, if no other residue is found in the chamber, one can conclude that the anomaly is undeniable.
I do not see it as criticism, I like your questions, please don't hold back.
I did measure presure, but it is not working with the intrument I've got. the real ones are too expensive. I need to measure with the accuracy of at least 0.1 millibar. In the range of 1 to 100 millibar. I have found out that the plasma is very sensitive to very small presure changes. I 'measure' it now visually, I look how far the electrons are spreading out over the cathode, the inside of the tank. The lower the pressure, the 'higher' it gets up on 'the wall', It has the feeling of 'climbing' op the wall when I pump. When I put gas in the tank the electrons are 'decending' from the wall. When I get too low, (too much gas) the plasma starts arcing. When the plasma produces gas, I can see it while the electrons have 'decended on the wall', then I pump a bit and come back later. This works fine for me and it is very accurate.
Would this open source spectrometer, https://youtu.be/Y6RZ-egosn0 , be capable of detecting the Helium?
Such a simple and very low cost instrument! See https://spectralworkbench.org
Hi Nicholas,
We have looked at this solution before, it is good for static controllable sources but not so good for the fast-changing dynamic sources such as those in the VEGA or NOVA apparatus.
I was thinking the helium could persist long enough after shutdown. I believe you would need secondary illumination.
This is a good idea.
Please note, the experimentalist HENK has gone into his notes and provided source and specifics for the metal tape used in the anode. It does not change the potential conclusion. Article is updated
Praying for yellow. One of my favorite colors.
https://99designs.com/blog/tips/how-color-impacts-emotions-and-behaviors/
Had to laugh when I read this:
"Yellow is perhaps the most energetic of the warm colors. It is associated with laughter, hope and sunshine. Accents of yellow help give your design energy and will make the viewer feel optimistic and cheerful. However, yellow tends to reflect more light and can irritate a person’s eyes. Too much yellow can be overwhelming and should be used sparingly. In design, it is often used to grab attention in an energetic and comforting way."
"... energetic ... energy ... energetic ..."
Nice
https://benkrasnow.blogspot.com/2019/11/diy-mass-spectrometer-measures.html
I found the device above very interesting.
If we can replicate this experiment in MFMP volunteer Alan Goldwater's lab in US, we have a process gas mass spectrometer there and we can categorically prove the presence of Helium where there was none before and sync it to events in the chamber.
It looks very impressive, however with all the shine is hard to see detail, is Henk sure it Wasn’t it simply melting and producing a shorter / thicker end? Not skeptical, just going trough the checklist.
When I was confirming with HENK about the gas composition, he confirmed H and residual air and then said
"The Ni spiral was gone before I was able to experiment with the gas [mixture]"
My 'gut-feeling' tells me I am always producing access energy, so something must be transmutating.... The big question is: "What is transmutating?"
I started with only a cast iron ball and this also worked. The 'frustrating' thing is I can get better efficiency, but not for long and not knowing yet what these conditions realy are. I have the 'feeling' my compact anodes with W are the best.
Perhaps you could use the Tesla 1932 'death ray' method of feeding a W electrode in as a wire. Though in your case, it would be thick.
I would suggest a bound bundle of 3.2mm 0.8% zirconiated electrode (for something a little special in the zirconium)
https://www.amazon.com/Welding-Tungsten-Electrodes-Zirconiated-10-Pack/dp/B01N3KTNXS?th=1
Then you would need a mechanism in the anode assembly that maintained a certain length of electrode in the chamber.